Keeping The Integrity Essentials In Maqasidic Ijtihad Of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, May Allah Be Pleased With Him

Abstract

The jurisprudence of Omar ibn al-Khattab is considered a school and an actual application of ijtihad that is a sponsor of the spirit of the Sharia and its honorable purposes and objectives, as it was the ideal model in the application of rulings and accurate understanding of the essence of the texts and their directives, and this is because of the high scientific status and advanced political position, so that during his reign the area of Islam expanded, increasing the nawazel )accidents( and issues, and diversifying the fatwas of the people, which necessitated the existence of ijtihad that delves into the meanings of the rulings, extracts the purposes and works in the spirit of the Sharia in order to achieve the purpose of the legislation.

Maqasid al-Sharia: This science, which laid its theoretical foundations in subsequent centuries, but its extension was from the era of prophecy, and the application of the companions, including Omar ibn al-Khattab, was prominent in fatwas and many issues, so his jurisprudence considered immediately and took into account the fate and worked with the purposes of the rulings.

The Ummah agreed that the Sharia came to preserve the five essentials, which is the intention of the Sharia of creation, as al-Ghazali said: to preserve their religion, themselves, their intellect, their offspring and their property.

This article examines the Ijtihad in Maqasid in jurisprudence of Umar ibn al-Khattab, and how he takes into account the five essentials of his fatwas and rulings by presenting and analyzing models and issues.