Saharawi architectural heritage as a tool to promote local development Review of some international experiences (Tunisia, Jordan, India, United Arab Emirates, China, Mexico, United States of America)

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the critical role of Saharan urban heritage in supporting local development processes through its contributions to the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. As a fundamental component of cultural and architectural heritage, Saharan urban heritage embodies the urban, cultural, and social identity at both national and international levels particularly in light of rapid urban expansion and accelerating technological transformations. The paper reviews a set of successful international experiences that have effectively leveraged desert architectural heritage as a strategic tool for local development. It focuses on key strategies such as conservation and restoration, the promotion of cultural tourism, and the revitalization of traditional crafts. The study demonstrates how this heritage has contributed to job creation, income generation, the reinforcement of cultural identity, and the reduction of ruralto-urban migration offering models that could be adapted in similar contexts. In addition, the research explores fundamental concepts related to Saharan urban heritage, including its typologies and significance, as well as the national efforts aimed at its preservation. It presents a comparative analysis of selected international experiences, drawing lessons applicable to the local context. The findings underscore the need to activate existing legal frameworks and strengthen monitoring mechanisms to restore, protect, and utilize this heritage as a catalyst for sustainable local development.