Analytical Study of Urbanization and its Impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST) using Remote Sensing and GIS Data

Case of Guelma (Algeria)

Abstract

Urbanization is a phenomenon that is driven by humans and has significantly influenced biodiversity, ecosystem processes and regional climate. Like all medium-sized cities in Algeria, Guelma seems to be affected by rapid and massive urban growth, which has strongly disrupted the space, thus generating profound spatial and environmental transformations. One of the urbanization's significant environmental implications is the reduction of vegetation cover and the creation of urban heat island effect. This study aims to analytical study of urbanization and its impact on the LST, in Guelma city over a period of 30 years (1990–2020), based on remote sensing & GIS. A time-series of Landsat images TM, ETM+ and OLI/TIRS data and various geospatial approaches were used to facilitate the analysis. Supervised Maximum Likelihood classification (MLC) techniques is used to extracted the Changes in urban land cover (ULCC). The multi-buffer ring ; zonal statistique and the multiple leniaire regression are using to evaluation the impact of urbanisation on LST.

The results indicate that the intermunicipal grouping of Guelma experienced an aceous urbanization between 1990 and 2020, concentrated in the commune of Guelma, an increase of 34, 38 Ha against a regression in the surface of agricultural land and forests. This spread is reflected in an increase in the earth's LST temperature. The relationships of LST with NDVI and NDBI are stronger when the surface is covered with more vegetation as in 1990 year, or when NDVI and NDBI are limited in range. Therefore, NDVI and NDBI are not appropriate indices for studying LST in cities that are surrounded by barren soil, which absorbs a large amount of solar radiations. in this paper, remote sensing technology and GIS was effective approaches for analytical study of urbanization and evaluating their impacts on urban climates.