Dinars minted during the era of the Emirate of Bani Muzni - A historical and archaeological study-

Abstract

The multiplicity and spread of the role of multiplication in the Hafsid era, over a vast geographical area, plays an active role in the field of developing the state's economy, and meeting its money needs for the flexibility of commercial operations is clear evidence of the state's economic strength and the imposition of its political hegemony over all regions and cities and subjecting them to its system and policy programs, and given For the documentary and informative source value of these two rare coins that reveal some issues of history and antiquities, whether the center of the Hafsid caliphate, or even the Emirate of Bani Muzni, we decided to rely on the analytical approach "descriptive historical" in addition to the archaeological study and what it carries of decomposition, analysis, reading and conclusion through the existing writings in those coins.

This study aims to shed light on the coins of the city of Biskra, which produced two versions of the Hafsid gold coins, one of which was struck during the reign of Abu Yahya Abu Bakr 718-746 H-1318-1346, and the second dates back to Sultan Abu Faris Abdul Aziz 796-837 H - 1393 -1433. Because of its political and economic importance, we decided to study it separately as it was mentioned on the coins themselves so that we can show the style of its inscription, and study texts in addition to knowing the importance of the city of Biskra. Some facts about the time difference between the first and the second piece, as the mint stopped producing for fifty years or more and then came back again, then the final break and between stopping and breaking there is a newer answer to which this money was in addition to the use of history to understand the effects.