Turkish expansion in Africa from soft proliferation to hard penetration

Abstract

The African continent became the center of attention for Turkey's leaders, after the Justice and Development Party came to power in 2002, after adopting a new vision of Turkey as a central state in its regional environment rather than a peripheral state. Turkey has become a new player on the continent and has begun its role on the continent through the tools of soft diplomacy, diplomatic representation, official visits to summit conferences, humanitarian aid, cultural cooperation and the role of non-governmental organizations, so that Turkey has deepened its role by activating hard power anifestations in recent years such as military bases, security and defense agreements, military interventions ... etc. for several internal, regional and international considerations whose content is in line with the soft new vision.