Exclusive policies to ethnic differences: Theory and practice

Abstract

hat does not respond to ethnic diversity as an inherent characteristic of the human race. Under the pretext of sovereignty, the logic of power, not the logic of diversity, has characterized the emergence of the nation-state in the modern era, often producing multi-ethnic states that are not based on ethnic homogeneity. Gradually, when ethnic minorities were identified themselves and realized that they are distinct from the other, whether due to the discriminatory or hostile policies of the central authorities, or because of the prevalence of the liberal spirit, ethnic conflicts were expected to erupt in a heterogeneous environment. The most important question from the viewpoint of central governments is how to seek to settle these conflicts? Is it viewed as a zero-sum dispute that requires conflict-resolution or a non-zero conflict that requires conflict-management? The aim of this article is to assess the effectiveness of exclusionary policies (genocide, forced displacement, division, separation, integration and assimilation) in the resolution of ethnic conflicts by examining many empirical situations, starting from the definition of exclusionary policies as those seeking a definitive solution to ethnic differences Which is conceived as reflecting a zero-sum conflict that needs to be resolved