Some Errors Arising from Gathering Evidence of Validity and Reliability in Educational and Psychological Research

Abstract

In educational and psychological fields sometimes researchers commit errors while collecting evidence about validity and reliability in preparing research tools, which can affect the dependability of the results because the quality of the results depends mainly on the quality of the research tools. Despite developments in measurement, some researchers' practices are still traditional in estimating validity and reliability, resorting to inappropriate methods, providing insufficient evidence, violating assumptions of some methods, and gathering insufficient evidence. In this context, this article aims to provide a view of the errors resulting from gathering evidence of validity and reliability in educational and psychological research, by reviewing the developments that have occurred in modern measurement literature that do not reflect the prevailing practices among researchers in this regard.